The ST2 diagnostic value in selection of patients for heart transplantation and post-transplant period
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34287/MMT.1(40).2019.1Abstract
Purpose of the study. Study ST2 diagnostic marker in the development and severity of heart failure, evaluation of transplant status and the risk of developing a rejection crisis, as well as the risk of death in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Material and methods. There were 41 patients under observation. The cases were conventionally divided into two groups: the first group of patients with chronic heart failure (n = 28), and the control group who performed orthotopic transplantation of the heart (n = 13).
Results and discussion. These results suggest that ST2 is a real marker of chronic heart failure or a good predictor of mortality in decompensated patients. Changes in ST2 levels in patients after orthotopic cardiac transplantation may be potentially useful in detecting acute cellular rejection, as well as in controlling rejection therapy. The article is devoted to the analysis of the prognostic role of the ST2 biomarker in the pre and post-transplantation period. ST2 is one of the most promising diagnostic markers for the development and severity of heart failure, as well as the risk of death in patients with cardiovascular disease. ST2 is expressed in cardiomyocytes in response to pathological processes and various mechanical damage in the heart, which allows to diagnose cardiovascular diseases even before clinical manifestations. It is likely that ST2 level measurement of heart transplantation mayhave a diagnostic and prognostic value when evaluating the graft state and the risk of developing rejection.
Conclusions. ST2 is one of the most promising diagnostic markers of development and severity of heart failure, as well as the risk of death in patients with cardiovascular disease. ST2 is expressed in cardiomyocytes inresponse to pathological processes and various mechanical damage in the heart, which allows to diagnose cardiovascular diseases even before clinical manifestations. Measuring the level of ST2 for heart transplantation may have a diagnostic and prognostic value in evaluating the condition of the graft and the risk of developing rejection.
References
Dorofeykov V. V. ST2 – a new marker of cardiac insufficiency and prognosis of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Laboratoriya, 2014, № 4, pp. 10–12.
Weinberg E. O. ST2 protein in heart disease: From discovery to mechanisms and prognostic value. Biomark. Med., 2009, № 3, pp. 495–511.
Dieplinger B., Januzzi J. L. Jr., Steinmair M. et al. Analytical and clinical evaluation of a novel high-sensitivity assay for measurement of soluble ST2 in human plasma – the Presage ST2 assay. Clin. Chim. Acta, 2009, vol. 409, pp. 33–40.
Mueller T., Dieplinger B., Gegenhuber A. et al. Increased plasma concentrations of sST2 are predictive for 1-year mortality in patients with acute destabilized heart failure. Clin. Chem., 2008, vol. 54, pp. 752–756.
Wojtczak-Soska K., Pietrucha T., Sakowicz A., Lelonek M. Soluble ST2 protein in chronic heart failure is independent of traditional factors. Clinical research, 2013, vol. 9, № 1, pp. 21–26.
Shimpo M., Morrow D. A. Weinberg E. O. et al. Serum levels of the interleukin-1 receptor family member ST2 predict mortality and clinical outcome in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 2004, vol. 109, pp. 2186–2190.
Schmitz J., Owyang A., Oldham E., et al. IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor related protein ST2 and induces. Thelpertype2-associated cytokines. Immunity, 2005, vol. 23, № 5, pp. 479–490.
Daniels L. B., Clopton P., Iqbal N., Tran K., Maisel A. S. Association of ST2 levels with cardiac structure and function and mortality in outpatients. Am. Heart J., 2010, vol. 160, pp. 721–728.
Ciccone M. M., Cortese F., Gesualdo M. et al. A Novel Cardiac Bio-Marker: ST2: A Review. Molecules, 2013, vol. 18, № 12, pp. 15314–15328.
Diez J. Serum soluble ST2 as a biochemical marker of acute heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2008, vol. 52, pp. 1466–1467.
Kakkar R., Lee R. T. The IL-33/ST2 pathway: Therapeutic target and novel biomarker. Nat. Rev. Drug Discovery, 2008, vol. 7, № 10, pp. 827–840.
Bartunek J., Delrue L., van Durme F. et al. Non-myocardial production of ST2 protein in human hypertrophy and failure is related to diastolic load. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2008, vol. 52, pp. 2166–2174.
Bhardwaj A, Januzzi J. L. Jr. ST2: a novel biomarker for heart failure. Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn., 2010, vol. 10, iss. 4, pp. 459–464.
Lupón J., Antonio M., Galán A. et al. Combined Use of the Novel Biomarkers HighSensitivity Troponin T and ST2 for Heart Failure Risk Stratification vs Conventional Assessment. Mayo. Clin. Proc., 2013, vol. 88, № 3, pp. 234–243.
WeinbergE.O.,ShimpoM.,DeKeulenaerG.W.et al. Expression and regulation of ST2, an interleukin-1 receptor family member, in cardiomyocytes and myocardial infarction. Circulation, 2002, vol. 106, pp. 2961–2966.
Maisel A. S. [Ed] Cardiac Biomarkers: Expert Advice for Clinicians, 2012. https:// www.amazon.com/Cardiac-Biomarkers-Expert- Advice-Clinicians/dp/9350255642.
Seki K., Sanada S., Kudinova A. Y. et al. Interleukin-33 prevents apoptosis and improves survival after experimental myocardial infarction through ST2. Circ. Hear Fail, 2009, vol. 2, № 6, pp. 684–691. DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.109.873240.
Januzzi J. L., Peacock W. F., Maisel A. S. et al. Measurement of the interleukin family member ST2 in patients with acute dyspnea: Results from the PRIDE (Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department) study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2007 vol. 50, № 7, pp. 607–613.
Chen L. Q., de Lemos J. A., Das S. R. et al. Soluble ST2 is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a population-based cohort: The Dallas Heart Study. Clin. Chem., 2013, vol. 59, pp. 536–546.
Van Kimmenade R. R., Pinto Y. M., Bayes-Genis A. et al. Use fullness of intermediate amino terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide concentration for diagnosis and prognosis in acute heart failure. Am. J. Cardiol., 2006, vol. 98, pp. 386–390.
Protasov V. N., Skvorcov A. A., Koshkina D. E. The modern biomarkers use in the stratification of the risk of patients with heart failure. Kardiologicheskiy vestnik, 2014, No 4, pp. 100–105.
Sabatine M. S., Morrow D. A., Higgins L. J. et al. Complementary roles for biomarkers of biomechanical strain ST2 and N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation, 2008, vol. 117, pp. 1936–1944.
Baba Y., Maeda K., Yashiro T. et al. GATA2 is a critical trans activator for the human IL1RL1/ ST2 promoter in mast cells/basophils: Opposing roles for GATA2 and GATA1 in human IL-1RL1/ ST2 gene expression. J. Biol. Chem., 2012, vol. 287, pp. 32689–32696.
Ho J. E., Chen W. Y., Chen M. H. et al. Common genetic variation at the IL1RL1 locus regulates IL-33/ST2 signaling. J. Clin. Invest., 2013, vol. 123, № 10, pp. 4208–4218.
Boisot S., Beede J., Isakson S. et al. Serial sampling of ST2 predicts 90-day mortality following destabilized HF. J. Card. Fail, 2008, vol. 14, № 9, pp. 732–738.
Pascual-Figal D. A., Manzano-Fern ndez S., Boronat M. et al. Soluble ST2, high-sensitivity tropon in Tand N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide: Complementary role for risk stratification in acutely decompensated heart failure. Eur. J. Heart Fail, 2011, vol. 13, pp. 718–725.
Rehman S. U., Mueller T., Januzzi J. L. Jr. Characteristics of the novel interleukin family biomarker ST2 in patients with acute HF. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2008, vol. 52, pp. 1458–1465.
Dieplinger B., Gegenhuber A., Kaar G., Poelz W. Prognostic value of established and novel biomarkers in patients with shortness of breath attending an emergency department. Clin. Biochem., 2010, vol. 43, pp. 714–719.
Kuroiwa K., Arai T., Okazaki H. Identification of human ST2 protein in the sera of patients with autoimmune diseases. Biochem. Biophys. Res .Commun., 2001, vol. 284, pp. 1104–1108.
Socrates T., de Filippi C., Reichlin T. et al. Interleukin family member ST2 and mortality in acute dyspnoea. J. Intern. Med., 2010, vol. 268, № 5, pp. 493–500. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02263.x.
Caporali A., Meloni M., Miller A. M. et al. Soluble ST2 is regulated by p75 neurotrophin receptor and predicts mortality in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., 2012, vol. 32, № 12, pp. 149–160. DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha. 112.300497.
Gautier S. V., Shevchenko A. O., Poptsov V. N. A patient with a transplanted heart. Manual for doctors on management of patients who underwent heart transplantation, Moskva – Tver, OOO Izdatelstvovo «Triada», 2014, (in Russian).
Shevchenko A. O., Tyunyaeva I. Yu., Nasyrova A. A. et al. The method of early screening of the humoral rejection of the transplanted heart. Patent RF № 2557699, ot 29 iyunya, 2015, (in Russian).
Pascual-Figal D. A., Garrido I. P., Blanco R. et al. Soluble ST2 is a marker for acute cardiac allograft rejection. Ann. Sur. Thorac., 2011, vol. 92, № 6, pp. 2118–2124.
Stehlik J., Starling R. C., Movsesian M. A. et al. Utility of long-term surveillance endomyocardial biopsy: a multi-institutional analysis. J. Heart Lung Transplant., 2006, vol. 25, pp. 1402–1409.
Turnquist H. R., Zhao Z., Rosborough B. R. et al. IL-33 expands suppressive CD11b+Gr-1 (int) and regulatory T cells, including ST2L+ Foxp3+ cells, and mediate sregulatory Tcell-dependent promotion of cardiac allograft survival. J. Immunol., 2011, vol. 187, № 9, pp. 4598–4610.
Brunner S. M., Schiechl G., Falk W. Interleukin-33 prolongs allograft survival during chronic cardiac rejection. Transpl. Int., 2011, vol. 24, № 10, pp. 1027–1039. DOI:10.1111/j.14322277.2011.01306.x
