Treatment of purulent-inflammatory complications in a combat gunshot trauma

Abstract

Purpose of the study. Justification of the effective treatment tactics of the wounded with the gunshot fractures of the long bones.

Materials and methods. The examination and treatment of 123 wounded with gunshot fractures were performed. All wounded were divided into 3 groups according to clinical observation. For the first clinical group the traditional treatment of the combat fractures with osteometallosynthesis out of injury zone was done. In the second group, treatment was added with negative pressure therapy. In the third clinical group Wounded got a VAC-associated therapy with the proposed of counter-drainage of wounds with the flow-washing irrigation with antiseptic solutions Decasan + 3% hydrogen peroxide. A bacteriological study of the wounds` exudates was carried out, and the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics was determined.

Results. The assay of microbiological investigation of the wounds of patients, which got explosive and mineexplosive injuries, demonstrated a predominance gramnegative microflora in the wound microbiocenoses such as Acinetobacter spp. (53% of cases) and Pseudomonas spp. (15% of cases). Gram-positive cocci were isolated from 22,2% of cases. The analysis of the antibiotic sensitivity data of gram-negative nonfermentative rods showed a high level of resistance to most antibacterial. All strains of acinetobacteria and pseudomonads were susceptible to polymyxin B and colistin, but resistant to unprotected and protected aminopenicillins (amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/ sulbactam). Acceleration of regenerative processes in the wound under the influence of VAC-therapy (formation of healthy granulations, disappearance of edema) in patients with negative pressure suppression (II HS, III HS) led to a reduction of hospitalization period, which took in average 7,8 ± 1,2 days, that was 5,2 ± 0,8 days less than in a control group. In the third group of wounded, a mixture of Decasan and 3% hydrogen peroxide in the proportion of 3 : 1 was used for rinsing of wounds. On the third day tissue edema decreased in 94,45% of the wounded in that observation group, while in the second clinical group it was observed in 88,89% of patients. The duration of the hydration phase in the wound process was reduced to 5,7 days. The period of complete healing of the wounds was shorter for 2,5 days. The period of indoor stay of the wounded of this group in the hospital decreased from 14,97 to 10,8 days.

Conclusions. Prevalence of gram-negative microorganisms in a gunshot wound and their high degree of resistance to antibiotics should be noticed when one takes a decision about empirical antibiotic therapy in the wounded. Observed clinical results of the proposed negative pressure therapy with counter-drainage of wounds by setting of flow-washing irrigation with a mixture of antiseptics Decasan and 3% hydrogen peroxide allow recommending this scheme for treatment of wounded with gunshot fractures of long bones.