Changes of eye’s functions among patients with age-related macular degeneration during the use of vitamin D medications

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14739/mmt.2024.3.306466

Keywords:

age-related macular degeneration, vitamin D, visual acuity, contrast sensitivity

Abstract

Aim. To increase the effectiveness of the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), dry form, in postmenopausal women by determining the level of serum vitamin D and correcting its deficiency.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Department of Ophthalmology at Bogomolets National Medical University, was prospective, case-control, included 88 women (88 eyes) aged 72.0 ± 10.1 years, who were divided into 2 groups: control group – 20 patients (20 eyes) without AMD and study group – 68 patients (68 eyes) with AMD, dry form.

Results. Supplemental vitamin D did not significantly improve visual acuity, but slowed the deterioration of contrast sensitivity. Deficiency of vitamin D is associated with lower visual acuity, negatively affects contrast sensitivity, more strongly than its insufficiency. The results of the treatment in the AREDS-2 + vitamin D group after 12 months showed a probable double increase in the content of 25(OH)D in patients with AMD, dry form (p < 0.05). Visual acuity after 12 months decreased by 7.56 % (from 0.19 ± 0.06 to 0.20 ± 0.06) in women who took only AREDS-2 drugs, and by 6.78 % (from 0.18 ± 0.07 to 0.19 ± 0.08) in the group where vitamin D medications were additionally prescribed (p > 0.05). Logarithmic indicators of contrast sensitivity after treatment had a slight negative trend in both groups, decreased by 2.80 % in women in the AREDS-2 group, and by 2.25 % in women who additionally took vitamin D medications (p > 0.05).

Conclusions. Irreversible vision loss is a global problem with both medical and socioeconomic consequences. Age-related macular degeneration is one of the main diseases that lead to blindness, especially in people over 50 years old. Additional prescription of vitamin D to AREDS-2 may be beneficial in slowing the progression of AMD. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.

Author Biographies

T. M. Komarova, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine

PhD, Assistant of the Department of Ophthalmology

O. P. Vitovska, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine

MD, PhD, Professor of the Department of Ophthalmology

Yu. I. Komisarenko, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine

MD, PhD, Professor, Head of the Department of Endocrinology

Sibylle K. Scholtz, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany

PhD, Associated Senior Research Fellow

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Published

2024-09-30

How to Cite

Komarova, T. M., Vitovska, O. P., Komisarenko, Y. I., & Scholtz, S. K. (2024). Changes of eye’s functions among patients with age-related macular degeneration during the use of vitamin D medications. Modern Medical Technology, 16(3), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.14739/mmt.2024.3.306466

Issue

Vol. 16 No. 3 (2024)

Section

Original research

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